चत्वारि आर्यसत्यानि (catvāri āryasatyāni) : The Four Noble Truths : 四聖諦
- दुःखम् (duḥkham): Suffering : 苦
- All existence is suffering.
- “This is the noble truth of suffering: birth is suffering, aging is suffering, illness is suffering,
death is suffering; sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and despair are suffering; union with what is displeasing
is suffering; separation from what is pleasing is suffering; not to get what one wants is suffering; in brief,
the five aggregates subject to clinging are suffering.”
- (दुःख) समुदयः ([duḥkha] samudayaḥ) : Origin (of Suffering) : 集
- All suffering is caused by desire/craving/clinging.
- “This is the noble truth of the origin of suffering: it is this craving which leads to renewed existence,
accompanied by delight and lust, seeking delight here and there, that is, craving for sensual pleasures, craving
for existence, craving for extermination.”
- (दुःख) निरोधः ([duḥkha] nirodhaḥ) : Cessation (of Suffering) : 滅
- All Suffering can be ended by ending desire.
- “This is the noble truth of the cessation of suffering: it is the remainderless fading away and cessation of
that same craving, the giving up and relinquishing of it, freedom from it, nonreliance on it.”
- (दुःखनिरोधः) मार्गः (duḥkhanirodhaḥ] mārgaḥ) : Path (to the Cessation of Suffering) : 道
- Desire can be ended by following the Noble Eightfold Path.
- “This is the noble truth of the way leading to the cessation of suffering: it is the Noble Eightfold Path;
that is, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right
mindfulness and right concentration.”
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